Actually saying ‘You’

Would this sentence be rude to ask a stranger? この 犬 は あなた の でか？

I only know omae and anata to be honest. xD I only read manga and the few animes I watch are yaoi.

あなた、お前、君、あんた I hear all the time in anime. There's also the odd おぬし (when the character speaks like an old person, usually using わし for "I"), 貴様 and おのれ (those are more widely used as an angry interjection though), and I remember hearing 僕 being used when referring to young boys. I should have heard a lot more but can only remember those right now. Never actually heard 自分 being used in that sense though, I think.

My mom uses "jibun" a lot. She would say, "Jibun dake kangaeru kara…" or something like that. saying I would only think about myself.

i always thought kimi was reasonably polite, thanks to the anime experience :'( maybe because of "kimi ni todoke"

anata, kimi, omae, otaku, temee, kisama, onushi, anta…
i feel like i've heard more but they're things that wouldn't really count
like "kono-…" or "yarou" in fights,
or bouya

I guess this another example of how anime Japanese differs from real Japanese? I hear all the variations of "you" constantly in the shows that I watch. Some used in a rude context, some not. I learned most of the words for "you" just by watching anime, before even deciding I'd try to learn a language.

I will give the feeling I had when I hear the word in the context but as a watcher of animes and reader of manga (as you said, Japanese people don't speak like that in real life).
List of japanese "you" I know :
Anata : common word that almost used in all anime (and I thought that was the official "you" in polite Japanese… oh well, I will try to not use it …).
Omae : I thought it used by girls and boys in the context of friendship and familiar but in the same time, it keeps a bit of politeness (but you said it's more man's word like "ore").
Anta : I hear it like you described it, as a sense of tense and of conflit (whether is for joking or for provoking others).
Kimi : I thought it was used for polite people who are older than yourself but as you said it's more like a superior position (status maybe).
Kisama : I hear it like it's almost an insult used by someone upset but also who has a important status (reputation or family honor) or someone who wants to feel superior compared to the person she speaks to.
Temee : it's like "kisama" but used by punks or other kids from the streets.
I didn't know about "jibun" as I thought it's used for our ownself (oftenly translated by "yourself", "herself", "himself", "myself"). As for "otaku", it"s more the signification of someone who has a passion (for the common passion of mangas and animes).
I don't have any ideas for "onushi", I"m unawared of this "you" but I would say (just by impression) it's used for the most formal people like the royal family members and the relatives or by people from other era (like Edo period).
If the feeling I described for those "you" you didn't talk about is not the right feeling, please let me know the real context they can be use (I would finally understand … well I hope ^^).

Anta, Anata, Otaku, Jibun, and I've heard more but that's all I can think of at the moment.

I head all of them in One Piece xD

So I was wondering, to say "I", for example, 私 or 僕 can be used, and to say "my", 私の and 僕の can be used, isn't it? Like…
"This is my book."
これは僕の本です。

But what about "your"? Suppose I see something on the ground, probably dropped by someone, and a person is standing right next to that thing… I would pick it up and ask to that person: "Is this yours?" But how could I say that in Japanese, not being rude?

By the way, the only "you"s I know are those in the lesson, except for そなた that I heard in Spirited Away. Haku said that all the time with Chihiro.